1 Fayoum University, Egypt
2 Minia University, Egypt
|
Abstract
Background: This paper addresses the question: is a brief cognitive behavior therapy training program enhances psychologist’s skills as reflected in scores on cognitive therapy skills scale and in helping students with emotional and social problems?
The aim of the study: to explore the impact of the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy training program on reducing emotional and social distress over 3 years.
Materials and Methods: Participants are 35 school psychologists (20 females and 15 males) have received intensive cognitive behavior therapy training for 6 days during two weeks followed by one to one supervision in school sittings for three months. Participants completed cognitive behavior therapy scale. Individual and group counseling sessions delivered to male and female (age mean is 13.7 years) students known of emotional and social problems during the current school year. Supervisors wrote a report in the end of three months practice, students and parent’s feedback had collected.
Results: Results show that differences between pre and post scores on cognitive behavior therapy scale are statistically significant (t=4.92), supervisors reports and students feedback indicate improving therapeutic skills by the end of three months practice.
Conclusions: Cognitive behavior therapy training program has positive influence in enhancing cognitive behavior therapy skills in school psychologists that reflected in providing effective counseling for students with emotional and social problems. Supervision based training optimizing the therapeutic outcome in both individual and group therapy sessions. Follow up of 3 years revealed continuous effect of the training and continuous supervision in improving counseling skills of school psychologists.
Keywords
cognitive behavior therapy, emotional problems, social problems, cognitive behavior therapy skills, cognitive therapy scale
References
Abousrea, O., Shawky, M., Anwar, A., & Ismael, S. (2009). Life skills program for enriching the scholastic environment. Guide for senior school psychologists. Research and Studies in Psychology (pp. 311–350). Cairo University, Faculty of Arts press.
Albana, K. (1990). Therapeutic duties of psychologists in Egypt [Paper presentation]. Forum for Scientific and Practical Preparing Psychologists in Egypt, Technological Development and Planning Institute, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
Beck, A. (1967). Depression: Clinical, experimental, and theoretical aspects. University of Pennsylvania Press.
Beck, A. T., Baruch, E., Balter, J. M., Steer, R. A., & Warman, D. M. (2004). A new instrument for measuring insight: The beck cognitive insight scale. Schizophrenia Research, 68(2), 319–329. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0920-9964(03)00189-0
Beck, A. T. (1976). Cognitive therapy and the emotional disorders. A Meridian Book.
Beck, A. T. (1991). Cognitive therapy: A 30-year retrospective. American Psychologist, 46(4), 368–375. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.46.4.368
Beck, A. T. (1993). Cognitive therapy: Past, present, and future. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 61(2), 194–198. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.61.2.194
Beck, A. T., Rush, A. J., Shaw, B. F., & Emery, G. (1979). Cognitive therapy of depression. Guilford Press.
Beck, A. T. (2005). The current state of cognitive therapy: A 40-year retrospective. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(9), 953–959. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.62.9.953
Beck, A. T. (1997). The past and future of cognitive therapy. The Journal of Psychotherapy Practice and Research, 6(4), 276–284.
Beck, J. S. (1995). Cognitive therapy: Basics and beyond. Guilford Press.
Blackburn, I. M., James, I. A., Milne, D. L., Baker, C., Standart, S., Garland, A., & Reichelt, F. K. (2001). The revised cognitive therapy scale (CTS-R): Psychometric properties. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 29(4), 431–446. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1352465801004040
Clark, D. A., Beck, A. T., & Alford, B. A. (1999). Scientific foundations of cognitive theory and therapy. John Wiley & Sons.
Elfeky, I. (1990). Roles of the school psychologist [Paper presentation]. Forum for Scientific and Practical Preparing Psychologists in Egypt, Technological Development and Planning Institute, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
Ho, F. Y., Chan, C. S., & Tang, K. N. (2016). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for sleep disturbances in treating posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clinical Psychology Review, 43, 90–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2015.09.005
Hofmann, S. G., Asnaani, A., Vonk, I. J. J., Sawyer, A. T., & Fang, A. (2012). The efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 36, 427–440. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-012-9476-1
Ibrahim, Z. E. (2019). Teachers attitudes toward special need students and teaching sittings readiness in Egypt. International Journal of Education and Science, 2(2), 45. https://doi.org/10.26697/ijes.2019.2.31
Ismael, S. (2006). Obstacles that face profession of psychology in Egypt. Annual book of Faculty of Arts-Cairo University. Cairo University Press.
James, I. A., Blackburn, I. M., & Reichelt, F. K. (2001). Manual of the revised cognitive therapy scale (CTS-R). Newcastle Cognitive and Behavioural Therapies Centre, Newcastle. https://www.ed.ac.uk/files/atoms/files/ctsrmanual.pdf
Kamel, A. (1990). Academic and occupational foundations for preparing psychologists [Paper presentation]. Forum for Scientific and Practical Preparing Psychologists in Egypt, Technological Development and Planning Institute, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
Kazantzis, N., Clayton, X., Cronin, T. J., Farchione, D., Limburg, K., & Dobson, K. S. (2018). The cognitive therapy scale and cognitive therapy scale-revised as measures of therapist competence in cognitive behavior therapy for depression: Relations with short and long term outcome. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 42(4), 385–397. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-018-9919-4
Kobori, O., Nakazato, M., Yoshinaga, N., Shiraishi, T., Takaoka, K., Nakagawa, A., Iyo, M., & Shimizu, E. (2014). Transporting Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and the Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) project to Japan: Preliminary observations and service evaluation in Chiba. The Journal of Mental Health Training, Education and Practice, 9(3), 155–166. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMHTEP-10-2013-0033
Kühne, F., Lacki, F. J., Muse, K., & Weck, F. (2019). Strengthening competence of therapists‐in‐training in the treatment of health anxiety (hypochondriasis): Validation of the Assessment of Core CBT Skills (ACCS). Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 26(3), 319–327. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2353
Kühne, F., Meister, R., Maaß, U., Paunov, T., & Weck, F. (2020). How reliable are therapeutic competence ratings? Results of a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 44(2), 241–257. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-019-10056-5
McManus, F., Westbrook, D., Vazquez-Montes, M., Fennell, M., & Kennerley, H. (2010). An evaluation of the effectiveness of Diploma-level training in cognitive behaviour therapy. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48(11), 1123–1132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2010.08.002
Melnyk, Yu., & Stadnik, A. (2018). Mental health of a personality: Diagnostics and prevention of mental disorders. International Journal of Education and Science, 1(3-4), 50. https://doi.org/10.26697/ijes.2018.3-4.37
Milne, D. (2009). Evidence-based clinical supervision: Principles and practice. BPS Blackwell. https://download.e-bookshelf.de/download/0000/5989/37/L-G-0000598937-0015302470.pdf
Muse, K., & McManus, F. (2013). A systematic review of methods for assessing competence in cognitive-behavioural therapy. Clinical Psychology Review, 33(3), 484–499. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2013.01.010
Muse, K., McManus, F., Rakovshik, S., & Thwaites, R. (2017). Development and psychometric evaluation of the Assessment of Core CBT Skills (ACCS): An observation-based tool for assessing cognitive behavioral therapy competence. Psychological Assessment, 29(5), 542–555. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000372
O’Donovan, A., Halford, W. K., & Walters, B. (2011). Towards best practice supervision of clinical psychology trainees. Australian Psychologist, 46(2), 101–112. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-9544.2011.00033.x
Pilling, S., & Roth, A. D. (2014). The competent clinical supervisor. In C. E. Watkins Jr. & D. L. Milne (Eds.), The Wiley international handbook of clinical supervision (pp. 20–37). John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118846360.ch2
Rozek, D. C., Serrano, J. L., Marriott, B. R., Scott, K. S., Hickman, L. B., Brothers, B. M., Levis, C. C., & Simons, A. D. (2018). Cognitive behavioural therapy competency: Pilot data from a comparison of multiple perspectives. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 46(2), 244–250. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1352465817000662
Sabra, Z. I. (2017). Cognitive behavioral therapy skills in profession and daily life contexts. Psychological Studies, 38(1), 25–93.
Sabra, Z. E. I., & Daigham, A. I. (2020). Therapeutic competencies in reducing emotional and social distress after cognitive behavior therapy training program. International Journal of Science Annals, 3(1), 55–56. https://doi.org/10.26697/ijsa.2020.1.7
Sherefeen, A., & Abouhasona, N. (2011). Factors that predict professional motivation in counseling Psychology’ students at Jordanian Universities. Faculty of Education Journal, 35(1), 127–164.
Taha, F. (1990). Toward an impetuous academic program for preparing psychologists in Egyptian Universities [Paper presentation]. Forum for Scientific and Practical Preparing Psychologists in Egypt, Technological Development and Planning Institute, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
Weck, F., Jakob, M., Neng, J. M., Höfling, V., Grikscheit, F., & Bohus, M. (2016). The effects of bug‐in‐the‐eye supervision on therapeutic alliance and therapist competence in cognitive‐behavioural therapy: A randomized controlled trial. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 23(5), 386–396. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.1968
Young, J., & Beck, A. (1980). Cognitive therapy scale (CTS) [Database record]. APA PsycTests. https://doi.org/10.1037/t00834-000
Young, J., & Beck, A. T. (1980). Cognitive therapy scale rating manual. https://cdn.ymaws.com/www.academyofct.org/resource/collection/24743CF7-351E-4335-9E93-83F26EF675A3/CTRS_Manual.pdf
Yousef, G. S. (2009). Contributions of psychologists in practice of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (exploratory study). Research and Studies in Psychology (pp. 27–49). Cairo University, Faculty of Arts press.
Sabra Zizi Elsayed Ibrahim (Corresponding Author) – https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8329-9615;
Daigham Abdelmohsen Ibrahim – https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6253-0005; Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology, Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.
|
APA
Sabra, Z. E. I., & Daigham, A. I. (2021). The effect of cognitive behavioral therapy training program on reducing emotional and social distress: three years follow up. International Journal of Science Annals, 4(1), 16–21. https://doi.org/10.26697/ijsa.2021.1.3Harvard
Sabra, Z. E. I., & Daigham, A. I., 2021. "Message from the Editor-in-Chief of International Journal of Science Annals". International Journal of Science Annals, [online] 4(1), pp.16–21. viewed 30 June 2021, https://culturehealth.org/ijsa_archive/ijsa.2021.1.3.pdfVancouver
Sabra Z. E. I., Daigham A. I. Message from the Editor-in-Chief of International Journal of Science Annals. International Journal of Science Annals [Internet]. 2021 [cited 30 June 2021]; 4(1):16–21. Available from: https://culturehealth.org/ijsa_archive/ijsa.2021.1.3.pdf https://doi.org/10.26697/ijsa.2021.1.3